Raman Study of InCl3

Abstract

The Raman spectra of a crystalline powder of InCl₃ and of a de-ionized water solution show the presence of four bands at 300.0, 289.2, 115.6 and 87.1 cm^?1, thus suggesting that InCl₃ is not a perfectly planar molecule.     

Experimental and theoretical assessment of Fe-doped indium-oxide-based dilute magnetic semiconductors

Specimens of iron-doped indium oxide (In_1-xFe_x)₂O₃ with x?=?0.015, 0.03, 0.045 and 0.06, amalgamated through a traditional solid-state reaction method followed by H₂/air sintering, were characterised using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to investigate their structural, magnetic and morphological properties respectively. According to XRD plots, all the specimens exhibit cubic bixbyite structures along with ancillary phases. Magnetic assessment showed that In₂O₃ has a negative susceptibility, exhibiting diamagnetic behaviour at room temperature. The doping of Fe ions induces ferromagnetic (FM) ordering, which is enhanced with increasing doping content. The strength of the magnetisation increases when the specimens are exposed to H₂ but is reduced on further air sintering. A bound magnetic polaron (BMP) model is successfully fitted to the observed FM data involving localised carriers and magnetic cations. A multivariate assessment viz. a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was used to corroborate and strengthen the experimental determined magnetic properties. A homogeneous particle distribution was observed in all SEM micrographs and is validated through MATLAB-based simulation by applying a watershed segmentation algorithm. Surface plots also confirm the change in magnetic properties with increase in doping concentration.     

High-Throughput GC-FID Method for the Determination of Residual Solvents in Early-Phase Drug Discovery Samples

Chromatographia - In drug discovery environment, determination of residual solvents is indispensable and requires rapid analysis covering a maximum number of commonly used solvents especially with...     

Optimal extraction,sequential fractionation and structural characterization of soda lignin

Research on Chemical Intermediates - In this research, soda lignin was extracted from Bambusa bambos using a soda pulping process, and interaction effects of pulping variables were statistically...     

Tertiary-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) – A strategic group for N-protection/deprotection in the synthesis of various natural/unnatural N-unprotected aminoacid cyanomethyl esters

A number of cyanomethyl esters of natural/unnatural aminoacids with un-protected amino functionality were synthesized because of their synthetic and medicinal importance. Critical N-Boc deprotection methods in the presence of labile (hydrolytic sensitivity) cyanomethyl functionality were screened thoroughly and it was found that readily available 4M HCl in 1,4-dioxane solution (2–4 equiv); acetonitrile, 0?°C, 2–4?h was a suitable condition. This condition was generalized and successfully applied to a variety of alkyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, benzyl, azido, spiro amino acid cyanomethylesters irrespective of the nature of the amine (primary or secondary) and the distance between the amine and ester group to achieve final deprotected amino esters with high yield, and purity compared to other commonly known N-protecting groups (Cbz, Fmoc, Ac, Bn, Bz etc.). It was also demonstrated that N-Boc protected aminoacid cyanomethylesters are stable enough to carry out further functionalization compared to N-unprotected counterparts.     

Conduction mechanism in amorphous Si films

dc conductivity as a function of temperature has been measured for as-evaporated and annealed films of amorphous Si, grown by the vacuum evaporation technique. The experimental data suggest that conduction in the higher temperature range (～175–300 K) is by the thermally activated holes in the localized states near the valence band edge while conduction in the lower temperature range (～77–175 K) is found to be thermally assisted tunnelling in the localized states near the Fermi level. The activation energy for both the processes is found to increase with an increase in the annealing temperature. The average hopping distance, calculated for conduction near the Fermi level, is also found to increase with an increase in the annealing temperature.     

Comparison of different methods to measure contact angles of soil colloids

We compared five different methods, static sessile drop, dynamic sessile drop, Wilhelmy plate, thin-layer wicking, and column wicking, to determine the contact angle of colloids typical for soils and sediments. The colloids (smectite, kaolinite, illite, goethite, hematite) were chosen to represent 1:1 and 2:1 layered aluminosilicate clays and sesquioxides, and were either obtained in pure form or synthesized in our laboratory. Colloids were deposited as thin films on glass slides, and then used for contact angle measurements using three different test liquids (water, formamide, diiodomethane). The colloidal films could be categorized into three types: (1) films without pores and with polar-liquid interactions (smectite), (2) films with pores and with polar-liquid interactions (kaolinite, illite, goethite), and (3) films without pores and no polar-liquid interactions (hematite). The static and dynamic sessile drop methods yielded the most consistent contact angles. For porous films, the contact angles decreased with time, and we consider the initial contact angle to be the most accurate. The differences in contact angles among the different methods were large and varied considerably: the most consistent contact angles were obtained for kaolinite with water, and illite with diiodomethane (contact angles were within 3 degrees); but mostly the differences ranged from 10 degrees to 40 degrees among the different methods. The thin-layer and column wicking methods were the least consistent methods.     

Synthesis and molecular structure of tricarbonyl(diphenyl ditelluride)diiodoiron (CO)3FeI2(Te2Ph2) and tricarbonyldiiodo[iodo(phenyl)tellurido]iron (CO)3FeI2(PhTeI): First example of the coordination of unstable PhTeI to the transition metal atom

A reaction of the tetramer [PhTeI]₄ with Fe(CO)₅ gave the monomeric complex (CO)₃FeI₂(Ph₂Te₂) (I) containing a diphenyl ditelluride molecule linked with cis-tricarbonyldiiodoiron. According to X-ray diffraction data, the Fe-Te distance in complex I (2.5724(6) ?) is appreciably shorter than the sum of the covalent Fe and Te radii and the Te-Te bond (2.7705(5) ?) is only slightly longer than that in free Ph₂Te₂ (2.705(1) ?). In the reaction of Fe(CO)₅ with PhTeI₃, a complex with PhTeI as a ligand to the transition metal atom was obtained for the first time. Unlike free PhTeI, the resulting complex (CO)₃FeI₂(PhTeI) (II) is stable in air at room temperature for several days. According to X-ray diffraction data, the ligand PhTeI (Te-C 2.126(4) ?, Te-I(3) 2.7548(5) ?) is stabilized by the coordination of tellurium to both the iron (Te-Fe 2.5451(6) ?) and iodine atoms (Te(1)-I(1) 3.1634(5) ?). The latter coordination probably involves the vacant d orbital of tellurium and the lone electron pair on the iodide ligand. Original Russian Text ? Yu.V. Torubaev, A.A. Pasynskii, P. Mathur, 2008, published in Koordinatsionnaya Khimiya, 2008, Vol. 34, No. 11, pp. 807–811.     

Synthesis, spectral and oxidase studies of a new diamide copper(II) complex with pendant benzimidazolyl groups

A new benzimidazole-based diamide ligand-N,N'-bis(alanine-2-benzimidazolyl) hexanediamide (ABHA) has been synthesized and utilized to prepare Cu(II) complexes of general composition [Cu(ABHA)X2].nH2O,where X is an exogenous anionic ligand (X=Cl-,NO3-). Low temperature EPR spectra has been obtained that shows gparallel>gperpendicular>2.0024, indicating a tetragonal geometry in the solution state. The complexes display a quasi-reversible redox wave due to the Cu(II)/Cu(I) reduction process. E1/2 values shift anodically as NO3-相似文献